Character Development in Burmese Days by George Orwell :: essays research papers

I was captivated by how the author George Orwell depicted each's character. Each character had their own remarkable trademark. For instance, Mr. Floury's character was novel in each viewpoint possible, by the manner in which he attempts to help Dr. Veraswami's get chosen in the club. He was not generally positive, yet in certain occasions he was merciless. There was an air about him that was depicted very well all the way. The appearance of the bounced blonde, Elizabeth Lackersteen, shows Flory as doomed admirer as well as offers Orwell the chance to demonstrate that he's a columnist of nuanced social collaborations and political interests. Other character merits referencing is Ma Hla May (Flory's worker); her activities all through the book were superb. Each time she showed up in the scene, her quality was felt emphatically. Her activities thoughtout the book were driven by her vanity, which prompted her showing up at the congregation and humiliating Mr. Flory. Against this scenery of legislative issues and morals, Orwell presents sentiment. The book was not just around one-man entrance in a club, yet in addition of the scorn individuals offer on one another. Was it their vanity that had driven everybody in the town? Is the inability to mingle reached out to the locals ? U Po Kyin, lowlife who tormented everybody, a man with no compassion, a man who was known to be infamous all through the town. The vast majority of the unrest, which happened during the book can be followed back to U Po Kyin doings. The expansion of U Po Kyin made the book puzzling and loaded with anarchy. This all around plotted story of selling out and hypocrosy in an English pilgrim station is a remarkably decent perused on a few levels. The character of Flory who detests the bigot hypocrosy of his kindred expats yet is too frail to even consider doing anything about it is very elegantly composed. Flory is brimming with inconsistencies and eventually these add to his <a href=http://www.

Macbeth Essays (1058 words) - Characters In Macbeth, Free Essays

Macbeth Essays (1058 words) - Characters In Macbeth, Free Essays Macbeth English 11 Honors Paper on MacBeth Due Feb 22nd The deplorability of MacBeth is an account of fortitude and respect. It gives a fascinating blend of adoration, Machiavellianism, and has a decent storyline. MacBeth is a steadfast dependent upon his ruler, Duncan, yet turns out badly when he tunes in to 3 witches that reveal to him he will manage sometime in the future. MacBeth wishes to get the opportunity to control rapidly with the assistance of his significant other, Lady MacBeth, he executes Duncan, and every other person in his way. He takes his seat however is before long toppled by his previous subordinates. In MacBeth, Shakespeare makes characters who equal different characters either through their words and activities, or through likenesses in characters lives. Each character in the story has a twofold, through either their similitudes, or through their disparities. Each character additionally has something about them that makes them exceptional. MacBeth and Lady MacBeth are the exemplification of a fascinating parallelization. Toward the start of the story, the two characters are direct inverses. MacBeth plays the female job, while Lady MacBeth is manly: Woman MacBeth Come, you spirits That tend on mortal considerations, unsex me here, Also, fill me, from the crown to the toe, top-brimming with direst savagery! Make thick my blood, Plug up th access and section to regret That no contrite visitings of nature Shake my fell reason, nor keep harmony between Th affectand it! Go to my womans bosoms, What's more, take my milk for nerve, you murdring minis- Ters, Any place in your blind substances You look out for natures fiendishness! Come thick night, What's more, pall thee in the dunnest smoke of heck, That my sharp blade not see the injury it makes, Nor paradise peep through the cover of the dim, To Cry hold, Hold! (I,v,41-54) Woman MacBeth fundamentally states here that she needs the divine beings to make her a man. She needs to murder Duncan herself. Then again when MacBeth knows about Lady MacBeths earnestness in her activities he returns with: MacBeth We will continue no further around here: He hath regarded me starting late, and I have purchased Brilliant sentiments from a wide range of individuals, Which would be worn now in their freshest gleam, Not throw away unexpectedly early. (I,vi,31-34) Approaching the finish of the story, Lady MacBeth and MacBeth switch jobs. Woman MacBeth gets female and MacBeth gets manly. Woman MacBeth gets week and forlorn while MacBeth, carrys out his arrangements to assist him with residual lord: Woman MacBeth Out doomed spot! Out I state! One: two: why, at that point tis time to do t. Damnation is cloudy. Fie, my master, fie! A fighter, and afeard? What need we dread who knows it, when none can call our powr to accompt? However who might have however the elderly person to have had such a great amount of blood in him? (V,I, 36-41) MacBeth is currently completely manly and attempting to keep the realm together. At the point when Lady MacBeth ends it all close to the finish of the story, he pushes it off and proceeds with his arrangement to remain lord: MacBeth She ought to have passed on henceforth; there would possess been an energy for such a word. Tomorrow, and tomorrow, and tomorrow Sneaks in this trivial pace from everyday, To the last syllable of recorded time; And every one of our yesterdays have lit boneheads The best approach to dusty demise. Out, out, brief light! Lifes yet a mobile shadow, a poor player That strits and worries his hour upon the stage And afterward is heard no more. It is a story Told by an imbecile, brimming with sound and wrath Implying nothing. (V,v, 17-28) The subsequent pair is likewise fascinating. This pair manages time allotments during the story (for example MacBeth from the earliest starting point, Macduff all through). MacBeth from the earliest starting point of the story is the unwavering thane of Glamis. He secures the lord and is granted a subsequent region called Cawdor. The ruler confided in him, and MacBeth was a dedicated worker. At that point, he met the three witches, which siphoned predictions or, seeds of malice into his head. These predictions are exceptionally enticing however are at last ruinous. Macduff then again, is loyal and faithful to Duncan and his beneficiary Malcolm. MacDuff realized what MacBeth was plotting and he went to Malcolm to assist him with halting MacBeth: Malcolm Let us search out some forlorn shade, and There Sob our chests unfilled. MacDuff Let us rather Hold quick the human blade, and like great men Straddle our down-falln birthdam. Each new morn New widows wail, new vagrants cry, new distresses Strike paradise on the face, that it reverberates As though

Quotes of Encouragement for Women

Statements of Encouragement for Women Ward off the sentiment of defenselessness. You are a lady! You have the ability to make, sustain, and form. Your voice might be delicate, however it conveys a feeling of assurance. Your shoulders might be sensitive, however they can worry about the concern of a family effortlessly. Dont think little of your qualities and capacities. At the point when all is good and well, you can demonstrate your determination to the world. Statements of Encouragement for Women Peruse these empowering cites for ladies and figure out how to have confidence in yourself. These statements can assist you with beating any test that obstructs your development. St. Teresa of AvilaHowever delicately we speak, God is close to enough to hear us. Anais NinThere came when the hazard to stay tight in the bud was more difficult than the hazard it took to bloom. Havelock EllisCharm is a womans quality similarly as quality is a keeps an eye on enchant. Indira GandhiPeople with gripped clench hands can not shake hands. Alice WalkerThe most normal way individuals surrender their capacity is by deduction they dont have any. Anais NinDreams are important to life. Pearl BaileyPeople see God consistently. They just dont remember him. Diane MariechildA lady is the round trip. Inside her is the ability to make, sustain and change. Grandmother MosesLife is the thing that we make it, generally has been, consistently will be. Edgar Watson HoweA man has his garments made to fit him; a lady makes herself fit her garments.

What You Should Do to Find Out About Samples Essay on Causes of Asthma Before Youre Left Behind

What You Should Do to Find Out About Samples Essay on Causes of Asthma Before You're Left Behind The Birth of Samples Essay on Causes of Asthma Undoubtedly, sufferers feel outcast as they're perceived differently to others and can't socialise in the manner that others can. For some individuals, Asthma may be quite minor and might not affect them in a considerable way but in some individuals it can be quite severe, interfering with their everyday activities. Taking charge of your treatment can cause you to feel more in charge of your life generally. For others, it is sometimes a big problem that interferes with daily activities and might result in a life-threatening asthma attack. Quite a few factors are thought to boost your probability of developing asthma. There are genetic tests that could be done before someone is born to establish if they have CF but then it is all up to the parents to determine if they need to deal with the child with CF. Although there's also no sure method to stop asthma, there are things that may be done in order to minimize the prospect of receiving it. Medical factors are a consequence of the medical history of atopic disease of an individual. A number of these factors include social support, economic resources, and absence of wisdom and skills regarding asthma administration. Samples Essay on Causes of Asthma Can Be Fun for Everyone Asthma is a lung disease that's long term and the most common among kids and women, even though it affects individuals of all ages. It affects approximately 25 million people across the nation. In conclusion, it is a common but dangerous disease, because it threatens the lives of many people by causing severe results and eventually leading to death. Whether you're indoors or outdoors, it's quite critical for individuals with asthma to prevent second hand smoke. You might need a rescue inhaler as many as 2 days weekly. Heat and cold can also lead to asthma attacks. Since severe asthma isn't easy to treat, the duration of recovery time from a severe asthma attack will change based on your personal circumstance and the duration of time needed to find the severe asthma attack in order. Whenever someone has an asthma attack, which is a terrible breathing episode many complications happen that could hurt the individual. The Samples Essay on Causes of Asthma Trap An Asthma Management Plan lays out your own personal therapy objectives and a schedule of your day-to-day medications. Knowing the causes will allow you to rest easier, as you know what things to avoid as a way to rest well. The physician will also act to examine the follow up forms and provide the recommendations. Treatment has to be prescribed correctly in order to reach recommendable outcomes. The Samples Essay on Causes of Asthma Chronicles People with very severe asthma can decide to take a steroid tablet. Unless your asthma is extremely mild, odds are you have prescriptions for at least two distinct medicines. People with intermittent asthma typically do not require long-term medication. Everyone with asthma needs to have a reliever inhaler, although you ideally shouldn't will need to utilize it rather often. Asthma is a lung disease that may be treated. It is one of the common lifestyle diseases. It is most commonly thought to be hereditary. It may be different for different people. Asthma management way is not complicated. It may also have any of these medicines recommended for COPD. You should speak with your physician about an Asthma Management Plan that's designed only for you. You might also want to speak with your doctor about allergy treatments that might help to avoid allergy symptoms. Lies You've Been Told About Samples Essay on Causes of Asthma Work with your physician to identify what things to do when your signs and symptoms worsen and when you will need emergency therapy. You will likely have medications that you take on a normal basis to stop attacks. While people with asthma visit the hospital once in a little while, it is quite infrequent. When there is the history of reoccurring symptoms that worsen medical conditions, the individual may undergo spirometry to verify the specific demand for medical therapy. The use of the physician for a member of team is going to be for consultation by the nurse to explore the reaction of the patient to the treatments and suggest referrals in the event of any adverse reaction. Consult your physician to help you make an asthma action program. Your physician or asthma nurse will explain to you how to utilize your inhaler properly, or the way to help your child use theirs. If you've got severe asthma, your physician will work with you to come up with a treatment program. The Appeal of Samples Essay on Causes of Asthma It's also interesting to know the way the body reacts to allergens. Asthma, a state that affects the lungs, is a disease that numerous folks, the vast majority of whom are children, have. Learn more on the subject of asthma's causes and ways that you can address triggers, alleviate symptoms, and steer clear of allergy attacks. The reason for this could be environmental aspects which have been determined to be a contributing element in the disease. Once it will become severe, asthma may come in decreased activity and capacity to speak. Lots of the triggers that cause asthma are observed in older housing. In general, insomnia results from multiple facets. Another practical source of insomnia is the food which we eat. The majority of the medicines are extremely harsh on the taste buds and a few of the organs. Food allergies are among the triggers of this disease.

Challenges Facing The Sporting Goods Stores - 1407 Words

Introduction â€Å"Over the past five years, the sporting goods stores industry has fared well due to strong demand for sporting goods from more health-conscious individuals. Due to such high demand, Fit-Fem plans to enter the industry by providing a variety of female athletic apparel, athletic footwear, and sporting equipment along with an in-store professional trainer. The main center will be located in Orlando, Florida due to its vast economic growth and increasing demand of healthy lifestyles. In 2013, Orlando was categorized as the second highest fittest city in Florida and it was nationally â€Å"ranked No.34.† Form of Ownership Fit-Fem retail store will be a limited liability company. This form of ownership would be the most preferable selection due to its limited liability in a case of a lawsuit. In an event of a lawsuit, any personal property cannot be liquidated for any final settlements. In addition, it also has an important advantage in protecting personal assets. As stated in an article, â€Å"All your business losses, profits, expenses flow through the company to the individual members. You avoid the double taxation of paying corporate tax and individual tax.† Supply and Demand Fit-Fem will provide the desired products for customers with a regulation on its prices through competition-based pricing strategy. This involves â€Å"setting prices based on competitors’ strategies, costs, prices, and market offerings.† Consumers primarily use their judgments of a product’s value onShow MoreRelatedJ. Penney Corporation Inc.970 Words   |  4 PagesCompany Overview: J. C. Penney Corporation, Inc, also known as JCPenney, is a chain of American department stores specializing in selling affordable clothing, shoes, accessories, and home decor for the entire family. For more than a century, JCPenney has been a regular shopping destination and a dependable retailer for the American family. 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The mode of the main export business was that LiFung procures goods which mainly include garments, gifts, home productsRead MoreLevis Strauss Canada Holding an Ember: the Gwg Brand1653 Words   |  7 PagesMarilyn Monroe and James Dean began sporting variations of the Denim bottom 3. Manual Labor through High Fashion : In modern time a blue jeans is considered as an everyday common garment for varied occasions .It has a fashion relevancy as well as it is a casual wear of daily use. 4. It reflects own Personal independence and style. It reflects the utilitarian image. People wear jeans for work , relaxation ,to be themselves ,to attract others and to feel good. 5. Jeans are considered as ‘Cool’Read MoreLevis Strauss Canada Holding an Ember: the Gwg Brand1660 Words   |  7 PagesMarilyn Monroe and James Dean began sporting variations of the Denim bottom 3. Manual Labor through High Fashion : In modern time a blue jeans is considered as an everyday common garment for varied occasions .It has a fashion relevancy as well as it is a casual wear of daily use. 4. It reflects own Personal independence and style. It reflects the utilitarian image. People wear jeans for work , relaxation ,to be themselves ,to attract others and to feel good. 5. Jeans are considered as ‘Cool’Read MoreAdidas Case Study: SWOT analysis and Michael Porters Five Forces Model, including strategic recommendations2516 Words   |  11 PagesExecutive Summary: Adidas was the dominating manufacturer of sporting goods. It achieved this success by developing cleated shoes for the soccer and track and field sports. The landscape of the sporting goods industry has changes, but Adidas has not changed with it. Sporting good textiles and footwear have become popular with younger individuals as a substitute for casual wear. Soccer and track and field sports are no longer the mainstream sports. These sports have been replaced in market shareRead MoreWal Mart : An American Multinational Retail Corporation1738 Words   |  7 PagesCompany Overview Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., popularly known as Wal-Mart, is an American multinational retail corporation that runs chains of large discount department stores and warehouse stores. Wal-Mart has been ranked as number 1 in the list of Fortune 500 companies for 2013. (CNN money, 2013) The company was founded by Sam Walton in 1962, incorporated on October 31, 1969 and is listed on the New York Stock Exchange. It is headquartered in Bentonville, Arkansas, United States. It is also the largestRead MoreCase Study for Skadurz Pro2200 Words   |  9 Pagessport. Skadurz Pro is facing several challenges to its successful retail model all at the same time. West 49 is a chain sporting goods store that is opening in a location in New Sudbury across the street from Skadurz flagship store. Unlike the Pinnacle Sports, the only local competitor to date, West 49 specializes in skateboarding and snowboarding gear and apparel, directly competing in Skadurz product line and target demographic. With the purchasing power of a chain store, Skadurz stands to have

The Ethical Issues Of Concussion By Jeanne Marie Laskas

The purpose of this paper is to address ethical issues in Concussion, written by Jeanne Marie Laskas. The paper will present a summary of the work, statement of an ethical question, enumeration of ethical concerns, discussion of data used in the decision making, evaluation of those options, and conclude with a summary of a discussion of what can legally, morally, and ethically be done to address the ethical question raised in the book. Concussion revolves around Dr. Bennet Omalu and the research that established Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE). Omalu is a forensic neuropathologist from Nigeria who came to America to chase dreams as a doctor and researcher. Omalu’s discovery began in the brain of Mike Webster, a National Football†¦show more content†¦The NFL attempted to hide the truth and resolved to a biased decision that was unethical. The most important unethical issue was the lack of clarity for the players involved. The players were uninformed about the risk factors of their career. The NFL did not compensate for the injuries acquired during their career. Lastly, the issue broadens beyond professional football to different sports, even those involving many American youths, who are affected by CTE. The three main concerns led to the ethical question which examines whether or not it is ethical to allow players to continue participating in sports activity that would result in long-term dama ges to the brain. Facts from journals examine cognitive impairment related to concussions, methods that NFL took to handle the cases, and application of the study results to sports beyond the NFL. Facts from the article â€Å"CITE† examines how the NFL dealt with the issues of concussions over the years. Beginning with Omalu’s discovery of CTE, the NFL strongly resisted to admitting that multiple head injuries leads to impair cognitive functions. The NFL committee was composed of internal NFL doctors who denied scientific studies claiming of the lack of scientific evidence and causation between repeated head injuries and brain damage. The Congressional Hearing in 2009 criticized NFL’s concussion policy and demanded the committee to take

Ball Bearings Essay Example For Students

Ball Bearings Essay The object of ball bearings (and roller bearings) is the substitution of pure rolling motion for plain sliding friction. Ball Bearings rely on the rolling motion of hardened steel balls to absorb loads. This rolling motion produces far less friction than the sliding motion. These steel balls are held in circular rows between an outer and inner ring, which have raceways, or slots, grooved into them to guide the balls. Ball bearings are available in both filling-slot and no filling-slot types. Other types of bearings have developed from these basic designs, like double-row and deep groove bearings, to handle specific application. No filling-slot bearings have a deep uninterrupted raceway, which allows them to carry both high radial loads as well as moderate Thrust loads. Filling-slot bearings have more balls than no filling bearings of comparable size. This gives them a higher radial load capacity, but Thrust loads must be light. Types of Ball bearing systems:Rigid single row ball bearing. Basic type of bearing widely used. The balls run in comparatively deep grooved tracks, which make the bearing suitable for both radial (journal) load and axial thrust load. The bearing provides location of the shaft in relation to the housing when provided with suitable means of clamping. Rigid single row bearing with filling slots for balls. This bearing contains more balls than the standard type and can therefore take heavier radial loads but only limited thrust. Rigid double row bearing. For heavy radial loads and to provide greater rigidity. Requires accurate location if used in conjunction with another bearing. Self-aligning double row bearing. For applications in which slight deflections cannot be avoided when rotating. Aligning single row bearing. This bearing will correct initial angular misalignment between shaft and housing but is not designed to accommodate shaft deflection or misalignment when rotating. Angular contact single row bearing. Gives precise axial location under thrust load. May be used in pairs to accommodate thrust in either direction. Duplex bearing. Used to take heavy thrust in either direction or some radial load. Adaptation sleeve bearing. This bearing is mounted on a tapered split sleeve to simplify assembly on long shafts. No matter what type of ball bearing system they all have one common function, to turn sliding forces into rotational forces, so that the coefficient of friction is reduced and hence so is the force opposing the motion (friction). There is some friction but this is much lower than if two surfaces where slid over the top of each other.

The Value of a Product

The main product offered by Columbus Technical College is the various courses that students enroll in trying to develop their careers. As a student, one stands to benefit enormously by enrolling at Columbus Technical College, in comparison to other colleges in the state. The college charges modest fees and the education one gets is a value for money.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Value of a Product specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Columbus Technical College has a wide range of courses that one can choose from to suit the future career needs of different students. The courses are extremely flexible with numerous selections and majors. In addition, students have the opportunity to attend different courses. They even have an opportunity to switch courses. Moreover, a student can enroll either on a fulltime basis or as a part-time student. Besides, students have the option to easily switch from full time studen ts to part time students and vice versa, with very minimal restrictions. One only has to inform the relevant coordinators of the courses after filling in an online form. There is also a wide range of scholarships available to a student. For example, there are scholarships for those football and athletics, as well as for students who excel in academics. A student is not limited to applying for only one type of scholarship, but can apply for as many scholarships as possible, as long as he/she meets all the requirements. The scholarships can cover all the tuition, including other living expenses, or it could be partial, covering only part of the tuition. There is also the benefit for a student to apply for a number of part time jobs in the college; this would be an extra source of income. The income can complement the tuition fee or their pocket money. Besides, the college has a student’s welfare organization which looks after the welfare of the students; it is the same organiza tion which also assists the students to secure a part time job in the college an even outside campus. The internship program is aimed at imparting useful skills to the students, in addition, it increase their chances to get employed once they leave college. This program is very popular among all the final year students. This where I find Columbus Technical College to be quite different compared with other colleges in the state. Classes at the Columbus Technical College have a very small number of students. As such, students always get personal attention from the lecturers; this enhances learning and ensures that all students get all the information delivered by the lecturers. There are numerous tutorials which complement the lectures and ensure that students participate in the learning process, thereby leading to better performance at the final year exams.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The courses offered at Columbus Technical College are not only less costly, but also relevant to the job market. Besides, the college offers lifelong skills that are useful to a student’s life even after college. The product can be made better if college works in cooperation with the business community to develop courses which address the current industry requirements. Consumers will always seek value for their money and thus, are willing to pay a higher price for a product, as long as its quality is guaranteed. This essay on The Value of a Product was written and submitted by user Cohen A. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

voltaire essays

voltaire essays Francois Marie Arouet was born on November 21, 1694 in Paris. Voltaire was a nickname given to him and he became one of the greatest writers and philosophers b/c of his style, intelligence, and keen sense of justice. At the age of 16 he left school and made new friends. The Paris society enjoyed his company b/c of his cleverness, humor, and his ability to write verses. In 1717, Voltaire was arrested for writing a series of satirical verses ridiculing the French government, and was sent to the Bastille. He spent 11 months in prison and while he was there he wrote his first major play. Then Voltaire made the mistake of making fun of a powerful nobleman and he was given the choice of exile or imprisonment for a punishment. Voltaire chose exile and he moved to England. After his return to Paris he wrote a book about English customs and institution. The book was said to criticize the French government and he was forced to leave Paris again. He then moved to French-Swiss border where hr l ived until he died at he age of 83 in 1778. ...

Literary analysis of Morality and Macbeth Research Paper

Literary analysis of Morality and Macbeth - Research Paper Example at the play`s end, the actions of Macbeth have directly caused the deaths of Banquo, King Duncan, Lady Macduff, her kids and servants, many soldiers, young Siward, and eventually his own death. All these destructions resulted from immoral actions in the name of accomplishing ambition. This play has revealed how destiny and fate (idea of futurism) can have somewhat harmful effects if individuals become over ambitious to the level of being greedy. Key characters in the play acted immorally by lying, killing, betraying their own king and eventually deceiving their entire country. As such, justice was fairly served to them, a lesson learned by the entire audience of Shakespeare. This paper explores, stride by stride, every immoral act in the play and how they were eventually paid by the individuals who committed those immoralities. William Shakespeares Macbeth portrays morality through unwarranted ambitions. Macbeth is  centered on how greed and ambition can override morality and overpower human nature.  The natural desire of all leaders to broaden their political power, like Macbeth, transforms all over the play from desire to ambition,  and to aberration and greed. This unnatural wish for power is the driving force which possesses the key characters regularly and with calamitous consequences. Macbeth is initially portrayed as a leader with moral qualities. The  audience can nearly find itself feeling sorry concerning his erosion towards madness. This reveals that ambition is more powerful, stronger, and more significant than Macbeth himself, therefore ambition in itself  serves to erode morals in the play. As evidenced in Macbeth, many levels of morality may be found in the society. William Shakespeare is well known as a good judge of character, and in his play Macbeth, Shakespeare depicts characte rs to three major types of morality:

The Holocaust Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

The Holocaust - Essay Example Though anti-Jewish laws have been adopted, Hungarian authorities opposed to the German demands for deporting the Jewish to the death camps. The situation changed in 1944, when the German army occupied Hungary. During the 42 days, starting from the beginning of May, more than 437 thousand of Hungarian Jews have been sent to Oswiecim - Birchenough. While the world community pretended, that nothing was happening, the Germans killed in gas chambers 12 thousand people every day. Only at the beginning of July 1944, the head of the Hungarian government, Miklosh Horti, signed the order to stop the deportation, or to slow it down, and about 200 thousand Jews from Budapest have finally avoided deportation. The neutral diplomats of Sweden, Switzerland and Vatican have given their assistance to the Hungarian Jews. However, already at the end of 1944 about 30 thousand Jews more died during the so called 'death marches' to the Austrian border. (Braham 1981, p24) Italy has also been a German ally; and as well as in Hungary, the anti-Jewish laws have been adopted there. ... ty, and only after the failure of the Mussolini's government in July, 1943, German troops were able to capture eight out of thirty five thousand of local Jews and to deport them to Oswiecim-Birchenough. All this took place with the support of Italian Nazis. (Berenbaum, 1998, p86) After the German occupation in April, 1944, Yugoslavia has been divided into several parts. The total number of Jews living in the country was 80 thousand, out of which about 16 thousand lived in Belgrade. The Germans used thousand of Jews as cheap labor force, having deprived them of their entire inventory beforehand. In August, 1941, the wave of mass arrests seized the country. The bigger portion of Serb Jews has been killed. In spring 1942, in the Semline concentration camp in Belgrade suburbs, people were killed by gas, using the specially equipped truck. Only several hundreds of Serb Jews remained alive by summer 1942. (Braham, 1994, p144) Croatian fascists have also become close allies of Germany. Croatian Jews were obliged to carry the 'David's Star' and their property has been confiscated. The regime was constantly destroying Serbs, Jews and Gypsies all across the country. Only in Yasenovo concentration camp, dozens thousands of Serbs and twenty out of thirty thousand Croatian Jews have been killed. By the end of October, 1941 almost all Jews of Croatia have been destroyed. About seven thousand of those who remained alive were sent to Oswiecim. During the whole period of war, about sixty thousand of Yugoslavian Jews have been killed. (Berenbaum, 1998, p91) Greece has been simultaneously occupied by the two armies - German and Italian. The Jews, who appeared to be in the Italian zone, have not been subjected to repressions until 1944. As for the German zone, the 50-thousand Jewish

A Defense of Abortion Essay Example for Free

A Defense of Abortion Essay Thomson argues that in some though not all cases, women have a right to abortion due to property rights in regards to their body, and the undue burden against these rights that would be placed on women if they are to be made responsible for any and all pregnancies. Thomson uses a variety of sometimes strange analogies to make her point that even if we give in to the argument that a fetus is a person, and thus has a right to life, this right to life does not necessarily ensure a right to sustain that life by using another person’s property, in this case the mother’s body, against her will. Thomson first asks us to consider the following case. You wake up and find yourself in a hospital bed hooked up to a famous violinist. It is then explained to you that you’ve been kidnapped by the Society of Music Lovers because you happen to be the only person whose blood type is compatible with the violinist’s, who is suffering from a kidney disease, and will die unless you remain plugged into him for nine months. Keeping in mind that both you and the violinist are innocent parties, and that both you and the violinist will walk out of the hospital alive and unharmed when the nine months are up, are you morally obligated to remain connected to the violinist, who in the case of pregnancy would be the fetus? First we must consider the given analogy and its relativity to the primary scenario, being the morality of abortion. There are no other cases quite like pregnancy, where one’s ability to sustain life is directly dependent on the use of another’s body. This is why Thomson must create the violinist analogy. There are surely many similarities between the case of the violinist and the case of the fetus. As stated before, both parties, the fetus/violinist and the mother/donor are innocent. The cause of their connection is based on the actions of a third party, in this case the Society of Music Lovers. The fact that the donor was kidnapped presents a distinguishing factor, allowing the analogy to be applied in cases such as pregnancy because of rape, where it is clear that the mother did not consent in any way to becoming pregnant. There are also dissimilarities. The kidnapping itself has not traumatized the donor, while in the case of a young girl being raped and becoming pregnant, the rape itself is very traumatic. However, Thomson discounts this by saying that if those who oppose abortion based on the grounds that a person’s right to life is more important than a mother’s property right to her body, make an exception in the case of rape, they are saying that those who come into existence because of rape have less of a right to life than others, which sounds somehow wrong. Furthermore, many who oppose abortion on this ground do not make an exception for rape. Thus, the primary question remains, is it morally permissible to disconnect yourself from a person, even if doing so will kill them? Thomson then takes the violinist scenario a step further, asking us to imagine that it turns out that supporting the violinist is putting additional strain on you, and if you continue to remain plugged into him, you will die. Some would say that it is still impermissible, because unplugging yourself would be directly killing the innocent violinist which is murder, and always wrong. Thomson vehemently denies that you are obligated to sacrifice your own life in order to save the violinist, saying that in this case â€Å"if anything in the world is true, it is that you do not commit murder, you do not do what is impermissible, if you reach around to your back and unplug yourself from that violinist to save your life. † (Vaughn, 175) Many of Thomson’s other analogies deal with the concept of a woman’s property rights to her body making a case for abortion being permissible. She gives the analogy of a young boy being given a box of chocolates, and eating them before his envious brother. Of course the boy ought to share his chocolates with his brother, as most of us would agree. However, Thomson claims that if he doesn’t, he is simply being selfish and greedy, but not unjust. He is not unjust in denying his brother the chocolates simply because they were given to him, and thus are his property. If the box had been given to both of the brothers, it would be a different story. Distinguishing between what one ought to do and what one is morally obligated to do ties back to the violinist analogy. Even if the violinist only required use of your body for one hour, while you ought to allow him to use your body, as it requires little effort on your part, you are not unjust if you refuse. You are perhaps callous and selfish, yes, but not unjust. As Thomson states â€Å"Except in such cases as the unborn person has a right to demand it-and we were leaving open the possibility that there may be such cases-nobody is morally required to make large sacrifices, of health, of all other interests and concerns, of all other duties and commitments, for nine years, or even for nine months, in order to keep another person alive. (Vaughn, 181) The criticism I would make of this argument is that she does not specify in which cases the unborn person has a right to demand use of a mother’s body, only that they can occur. She does clearly state however, that having a right to life does not inherently give one the right to be given the use of or allowed continued use of another’s body, even if one needs it for life itself. (Vaughn, 178) Some who oppose abortion argue that because pregnancy is preventable, if one happens to become pregnant they must take responsibility, which gives the fetus special rights that a stranger, such as the violinist would not have. Thomson points out that this theory only gives a fetus a right to a mother’s body if the pregnancy resulted in a voluntary act, leaving out instances of rape. She uses the people-seed analogy to further discuss the implications of holding women responsible for all pregnancies. She asks us to imagine people as seeds, innocently drifting around the world, sometimes even into your home, getting stuck to furniture and carpets. To prevent this from happening to you, you put the best screens on your windows you can buy. As we all know, sometimes screens are defective, and a seed finds its way in and takes root, despite your preventative measures. Does that seed have a right to use your house to develop into a person? It is true that it could have been prevented from taking root if you lived your life in a house without furniture or carpeting, but this seems ridiculous. By the same token you could say that women who are raped have a responsibility to the fetus because rape could be prevented by never leaving home without a reliable army, or never leaving home at all. This is far too high of a burden to put on individuals. When evaluating these analogies and the argument Thomson uses them to make, certain questions arise. For example, if I am not morally obligated to give my property to someone who depends on it for survival, is it morally permissible to let someone starve to death because I refuse to share my food that I bought earlier from the grocery store? Given her analogies, such as the instance of the boy who refuses to share his chocolate, it would seem that Thomson would say that it is permissible to let someone die of starvation. After all, you are not morally obligated to share what is rightly yours. She would say you are selfish and greedy, like the little boy, but not unjust or immoral. However, letting an innocent person starve to death, when doing something as little as giving them some of our food, does not sit well with the average person. This is where Thomson’s concept of the Good Samaritan vs. the minimally decent Samaritan comes into play. In the biblical story, the Good Samaritan saw a man dying in the road, abandoned by others who passed. He cleaned the dying man’s wounds and took him to an inn, paying for his stay. He went out of his way to help someone in need, at some cost to himself. Thomson illustrates the other extreme by using the case of Kitty Genovese, who was murdered while thirty-eight people stood by and did nothing to help. In this case the Good Samaritan would have rushed to her aid, putting his own life on the line in order to save a stranger’s. While Thomson seems to say that this is too much to ask of people, and they are not morally required to risk their own life to save another’s, she does say that the Minimally Decent Samaritan would have at least called the police. Because no one even called the police, they are not even minimally decent Samaritans, and their actions are monstrous. While the Good Samaritan gives aid they are not obligated to give, the Minimally Decent Samaritan fulfills their minimal obligations. Just as watching a person be murdered and doing absolutely nothing to help is falling below the standard of minimally decent Samaritan, I would have to believe that watching a person starve and doing nothing to help is also monstrous. After all, using Thomson’s analogies we could say that the people who watched Kitty Genovese get murdered ought to have used their cell phones to call the police at the very least, but being that their cell phones are their property, they can use them as they wish, and are not morally obligated to use them to save a life, even if the cost it would bring to them seems extremely insignificant. Thomson seems to distinguish between situations such as letting someone starve to death because you refuse to share your food, or letting someone be murdered because you refuse to use your phone, and aborting a fetus. She claims that many laws prohibiting abortion compel women to be Good Samaritans (Vaughn, 181) as opposed to minimally decent. This claim suggests that she believes that harboring a fetus is an act of a Good Samaritan, not a minimally decent one. Furthermore, by calling the people who watched Kitty Genovese die â€Å"monstrous† it suggests that she does in fact believe that watching a person die and doing nothing to help is immoral. By these tokens, it seems that she would in fact view letting another starve as immoral, suggesting that her argument of property rights is inconsistent. Thomson somewhat accounts for these inconsistencies in her closing argument, simply by conceding that the analogies she uses are not fool proof or meant to be applied to all cases. She states â€Å"while I do not argue that abortion is not impermissible, I do not argue that it is always permissible. There may well be cases in which carrying the child to term requires only minimally decent Samaritanism of the mother, and this is a standard we must not fall below. † (Vaughn 182) For example, she believes it would be immoral for a woman to abort her child late in the pregnancy because she had a vacation planned. By asserting that her analogies and arguments are not meant to make an absolute case for or against abortion, they do in fact only help her to prove her somewhat tentative point that women do have a right to abortion, in some though not all cases, because of property rights and the undue burden against these rights that would be placed on women if forced to carry all pregnancies to term.

The Politics of Minimum Wage Laws :: Minimum Wage Essays

"We cannot legislate prosperity. When we increase minimum wages by legislative fiat, we kill jobs. Government creates nothing but what it has first taken away." -- President Lyndon B. Johnson Many investigations have been made in an attempt to understand how politics is involved in determining the minimum wage rate. These studies indicate that due to the complex American political system, which distributes power to different levels of government, different variables will exert pressures on the various governing bodies in the United States. In other words, these studies indicate that when it comes to minimum wage legislation, decisions on whether to raise the minimum wage, and what the rate should be, have very limited economic bases, and instead rely heavily on political bases. The most important of which is political ideology. While aspects of other variables contain some economic theories, for example unemployment rate and median household income, these variables have a limited impact, and can even be explained through political interpretations in addition to their economic bases. Considering the fact that minimum wage laws greatly impact the economic equilibrium of the entire country, and impact major economic variables such as the wage rates and the profit rate, it is amazing to learn that economic indicators are conspicuously insignificant when it comes to determining the actual minimum wage rate. This may not necessarily be a problem for the current state of the American economy since minimum wage laws affect relatively few people. However, political decisions are unilaterally dictating policy that greatly impact the economic equilibrium of the country, this threatens the integrity of having economic regulations in the first place. The stated purpose for economic regulation ought to fit with public interest theory, which states that regulations are designed to correct inefficient or inequitable market practices. In the case of minimum wage laws in the United States, it seems to fit better with the capture theory which holds that regulations are implemente d in response to public pressure and political purposes. Minimum wage laws will continue to remain a highly debated topic in economic and political circles in the United States. Instead of simply focusing on whether these laws are good or bad for a society, perhaps we should be discussing the rationale for minimum wage legislation. Why do we have minimum wage laws? Do they respopnd to an economic need or only a political need? My research as indicated that political considerations have taken precedence over economic considerations despite the fact that minimum wages have direct effects on the economic equilibrium for the entire country.

Main Issues In Combined Freight Transportation Engineering Essay

The chief issues in combined freight transit can be classified into six chief classs as shown in Figure 1. These classs include histrions and cardinal participants, operations, ordinances and policies, substructure, Information and Communication Technology, and environmental issues. Figure: Main classs of combined conveyance Actors and cardinal participants could be categorized by the type of operator and the operational jobs. The assorted undertakings along the transit concatenation are largely executed by four operators that could be distinguished in drayage, terminus, web, and intermodal operator ( Moccia et al. , 2008 ) . The undermentioned subdivisions give some farther information about each of them.Drayage OperatorDrayage operators are responsible for transporting the cargo between shippers and consignees severally and within the terminus ( Puettmann and Stadtler, 2010 ; Macharis and Bontekoning, 2004 ; Caris et al. , 2008 ) . Normally they are send oning companies that receive petitions for conveyance and make all the necessary agreements to transport the burden from its beginning to its finish. Rail terminuss, port installations and shipper/third party installations comprise the drayage location. In each drayage location there are many independent drayage operators who compete with one another to supply drayage services utilizing their ain assets ( i.e. forces, tractors, dawdlers, human body and containers, whether borrowed, owned or rented ) or frequently sub-contracting with many independent owner-operators ( Nadan, 2003 ) . The bulk of drayage operators are close ports. At the port there is a high volume of containers ‘ reachings. When a container arrives at the port, the latter can be delivered to its finish by train or truck. Some of those containers are transported by rail to nearby rail paces for long-haul bringing by train. But the bulk of the containers is hauled by short-haul truck, called drayage, and is less than 100 kilometres ( Robert and Poole, 2007 ) . A drayage operator picks up an empty dawdler or container either at an empty terminal, at a terminus or at a consignee. Then the operator provides it to the shipper and the subsequent transit of a full dawdler or container to the terminus. Delivery operation involves the distribution of a full container or dawdler from the terminus to a consignee. Then it collects the empty container or dawdler and transports it to the terminus, an empty terminal, or the shipper. Trucks are able to divide the tractor and dawdler which allows two processs. In the â€Å" stay-with † process the tractor and the driver stay with the container/trailer during the loading/unloading. In the â€Å" drop-and-pick † process a full or empty trailer/container is dropped off the shipper/receiver. During loading/unloading continuance the tractor and driver are free to transport out other activities. Each drayage company faces jobs such as trip programming between shipper, terminuss and receiving system ( Wang and Regan, 2002 ; Imai et al. , 2007 ) . This job could be enlarged from the terminus demands, client ‘s pick-up and bringing times, realistic bounds on the length of the on the job twenty-four hours, and on-road travel times. The bulk of the cargos normally are known in progress. Nevertheless, sometimes tonss have to be reassigned due to traffic or some terminuss ‘ holds. But the general job of drayage operations is its cost effectivity. In malice of the comparatively short distance alternatively of long-haul rail or flatboat, drayage histories for 25-40 % ( Macharis and Bontekoning, 2004 ) of transit concatenation disbursals. As a effect it affects a batch the profitableness of the whole transit service. For work outing this job a drayage operator should make up one's mind to collaborate with other drayage companies without impacting though the seasonableness of operations.Terminal OperatorTerminal operator manages the modal displacement which take topographic points at the terminus and is responsible for the transshipment operations from flatboat to thrust ahead, route to inveigh or thrust ahead, or rail to inveigh ( Puettmann and Stadtler, 2010 ; Macharis and Bontekoning, 2004 ; Caris et al. , 2008 ) . Normally a terminal consists of a route, rail, and flatboat gate where trucks, trains, or flatboats severally enter and leave the terminus. There is a storage country for hive awaying the tonss for more than a twenty-four hours and the buffer country ( cross-docking ) , which is for short continuance storage. There is besides storage and conveyance equipment and lifting equipment for lading or droping the trains, trucks, and flatboats. Different operations have to be carried out for different types of burden units i.e. containers, swap-bodies, dawdlers or complete trucks. It is besides of import to advert that the operations are non the same for every manner of conveyance. In add-on, the equipment which is used has to be suited and cater to the demands of the burden units. Terminals can use different transshipments techniques, layouts, dimensions, operational schemes etc. An optimum operation terminus is the basic end for the terminus operator. That depends on the demand volume and the type of the exchange i.e. road-barge, road-rail, or rarely rail-rail or barge-barge or rail-barge. Exchange increases the entire conveyance cost and the lead clip in concatenation. Consequently, exchange operations need to be efficient and fast. Terminal operators have to do strategic, tactical, or operational determinations to run into the demands. At strategic degree terminus operator takes attention of the design of the terminus ( Ferreira and Sigut, 1995 ; Meyer, 1998 ; Rizzoli et al. , 2002 ; Ballis and Golias, 2004 ; Bontekoning, 2006 ; Vis, 2006 ; Rijsenbrij and Wieschemann, 2011 ) . At the tactical degree terminus operators take determinations about the needed capacity degrees of equipment and labor ( Kemper and Fischer, 2000 ; Kozan, 2000 ; Kulick and Sawyer, 2001 ; Huynh 2005 ) and the redesign of the operational modus operandis and layout constructions ( Voges et al. , 1994 ; MartA ±nez et al. , 2004 ) . Finally terminus operator has to make up one's mind at operational degree for resource allotment ( John Hargreaves, 1990 ) and scheduling of occupations ( Alicke, 200 2 ; Corry and Kozan, 2006 ; Gambardella et al. , 2001 ) .Network OperatorNetwork operator takes attention of the substructure planning ( strategic degree ) and long-haul transit ( Puettmann and Stadtler, 2010 ) . He is responsible for the organisation of rail or flatboat conveyance ( Macharis and Bontekoning, 2004 ; Caris et al. , 2008 ) . At tactical degree has to take determinations about agendas of service and pricing services and about day-to-day operations of the services at operational degree. Infrastructure determinations trade with the interconnectivity of the manners in order to accomplish combined conveyance ironss ( Crainic et al. , 1990 ; Loureiro, 1994 ; Southworth and Peterson, 2000 ; Klodzinski and Al-Deek, 2004 ; Tan et al. , 2004 ; Groothedde et al. , 2005 ; Parola and Sciomachen, 2005 ) and besides the location of terminuss ( Meinert et al. , 1998 ; Rutten, 1998 ; Arnold and Thomas, 1999 ; Groothedde and Tavasszy, 1999 ; Macharis and Verbeke, 1999 ; Van Duin and Van Ham, 2001 ; Arnold et al. , 2004 ; Macharis, 2004 ; Racunica and Wynter, 2005 ; Kapros et al. , 2005 ; Limbourg and Jourquin, 2008 ; Soerensen et al. , 2011 ) . In some states authorities normally take these determinations and considers for the impact of a capacity addition and the effects of price/cost additions or lessenings on the usage of the different substructure webs. On the other manus, private sector hunts for the optimum location of terminuss and the authorities supports the most interesti ng investings. At tactical degree a web operator, foremost, has to find what sort of services itwill offer. Ithas to alter the attack of long draw conveyance services from travel on demand to a fix service agenda which has to be planned several months or a twelvemonth in progress. For accomplishing this end the operator has to make up one's mind what consolidation web to utilize i.e. a point-to-point web, a line web, a hub-and-spoke web and a trunk-collection-and-distribution web ( Janic et al. , 1999 ; Newman and Yano, 2000a ; Newman and Yano, 2000b ) . A 2nd tactical determination for a web operator is the type of production theoretical account, that is, how to run the trains and the flatboats. This involves determinations about the frequence of service, train length, capacity planning of equipment and allotment of equipment to paths ( Nozick and Morlok, 1997 ; Choong et al. , 2002 ; Lin and Chen, 2004 ; Li and Tayur, 2005 ) . In add-on, pricing scheme determinations has to be considered at this degree. Pricing a combined conveyance merchandise is a truly complicated issue. It requires an accurate cost computation and penetration in the market state of affairs as many histrions are related to the assorted parts of the combined conveyance concatenation ( Tsai et al. , 1994 ; Yan et al. , 1995 ; Li and Tayur, 2005 ) . Finally, at the operational degree, web operator has to take daily direction determinations. Mostly it has to pull off the fleet as the burden order of the flatboats and trains ( Feo and Gonzalez-Velarde, 1995 ; Powell and Carvalho, 1998 ) , redistribution of railway cars or push flatboats ( Chih and new wave Dyke, 1987 ; Chih et al. , 1990 ) , and the burden units. A typical job in combined road/rail conveyance is the assignment of a set of dawdlers and containers to the available flatbeds that can travel this equipment. This job is rather complex as there are different types of flatbeds, and many types of dawdlers and containers.Intermodal OperatorIntermodal operators are users of the intermodal substructure and services, and carry on the optimum path choice of cargos through the whole intermodal web ( Puettmann and Stadtler, 2010 ; Macharis and Bontekoning, 2004 ; Caris et al. , 2008 ) . Intermodal operators organize the transit of cargos on behalf of shippers. Intermodal operators buy the services offered by drayage, web, and terminal operators. At the operational degree they choose paths and services in bing intermodal webs ( Min, 1991 ; Barnhart and Ratliff, 1993 ; Boardman et al. , 1997 ; Ziliaskopoulos and Wardell, 2000 ; Erera et al. , 2005 ) . Taking such a determination is more complex than routing jobs of route draw. In route draw least dearly-won or less clip devouring path is more preferred. But in combined conveyance there is a big assortment of combinations of transit manners. So a average pick job has to take into history specific cargo volumes and specific clip restraints.Regulations & A ; PoliciesThe current policy of the European Commission requires that conveyance systems should be able to turn without serious negative impact on the environment, every bit good as on economic and societal costs. However, the sustainability of the European conveyance system faces some barriers such as: mutual exclusiveness of substructure, turning CO2 emanations from conveyance, dependance on fossil fuels, altering forms in mobility, low safety, lifting congestions, and charges and monetary values deformations ( REFERENCE ) .Incompatible substructureEurope consists of many states and as a consequence, the bulk of the bing substructure has been designed to function national instead than European economic system. This state of affairs created deficiency of comprehensive criterions on substructure design, traffic direction, power supplies and informations exchange. Since now more than 400 billion euros have been spent for developing Trans-European conveyance webs ( TEN-T ) ( REFERENCE ) . But still there are chief deficits in substructure as transalpine tunnels, rail corridors, intermodal nodes for rail and sea or air conveyance, and IT substructure to back up intermodal conveyance. Poor Trans-Europe substructure in combination with deficiency of i nternational cooperation consequences to the undermentioned inefficiencies ( Impact Assessment, 2010 ) : Lack of joint traffic prognosiss taking to differing investing programs ; Disconnected or even contradictory timelines ; Lack of joint investings computation and joint fiscal constructions ; Incompatible proficient features ; Inadequate joint direction of cross-border substructure undertakings. For sustainable substructure programs there are some actions to be taken. The list below shows some of them. Joined investings programs Coordinated land planning Further development of TEN-T web Open criterions for information exchange systems Open criterions for design of substructureTurning Greenhouse Gas emanationsTransport sector has greatly increased its activity for the last twosome decennaries now. The growing rate of GHG emanations in conveyance is higher than any other sector comparing to 1990. Harmonizing to the information of European Environment Agency in twelvemonth 2010, conveyance is accounted for 19.7 % of entire GHG emanations in EU-27, as it is shown in Figure 2.This growing of conveyance activities concerns for its environmental sustainability. The energy efficiency is increasing but the gait of betterments is non sufficient to make sustainable conveyance in Europe. Figure: GHG emanations by sector ( Source: EU statistical pocketbook 2012 ) The EU White Paper on Transport, ( 2011 ) refers that European committee has set specific ends. The first end of new conveyance policy is to maintain the conveyance turning and support mobility while accomplishing the end of 60 % GHG emanations decrease by 2050 comparing to 1990 degree. In order to accomplish this end the European Commission has defined ten ends for a competitory and resource efficient conveyance system which benchmarks for accomplishing the 60 % GHG emanation decrease mark ( see extensively in White Paper, 2011, pp. 9-11 ) . In general, actions that should be taken towards the rejuvenation of cargo conveyance are as follows: bing engineerings have to be replaced by green engineerings ; use of electric autos is preferred, phasing out â€Å" conventionally-fueled † vehicles from urban countries ; decrease of C in maritime and air power conveyance.Dependence on fossil fuelsConveyance is still 97 % dependant on fossil fuels ( REFERENCE ) . Since now Transport has non reduced significantly its GHG strength by exchanging to cleaner energy beginnings. European Union has adopted a adhering mark of a 10 % portion of renewable energy beginnings in conveyance by 2020 ( Directive, 2009 ) as portion of the clime alteration and energy bundle. Switching to greener vehicles will necessitate the development of alternate fuelling/charging substructure. Another of import action is concentrating on research in cost-efficient renewable fuels. The new green engineerings for green vehicles are important, so there is a demand for shorter design-to-market rhythms.Low safetyOne of the objects included in the EU White Paper ( 2001 ) , was to halve casualties in route conveyance by 2010. This end has non been achieved although different actions had been taken in many Member States. In air power sector was implemented a set of common, unvarying and compulsory statute law covering all the cardinal safety elements: airdrome care, airdrome direction, operations of air traffic direction systems. The most advanced regulative models for safety and pollution bar was established by EU in maritime sector. Another job is that European conveyance corridors are common for cargo and rider conveyance. This has caused many accidents with a consequence of over 40000 accident human deaths until 2000 ( White Paper, 2001 ) . For cut downing the sum of human deaths, EU has to take some steps i.e. dividing lading and rider corridors. Signing systems has besides to be improved and new vehicles safety systems to be implemented.Rising congestionRoad conveyance is the chief manner for goods motion. Harmonizing to the European Commission the portion of route conveyance is 73 % , somewhat decreased by 3.9 % from 2009 ( Road Freight Transport Vademecum, 2010 ) . At the same clip the portion of rail is merely 17 % with inland waterways and oil grapevines accounting for 5 % each ( Road Freight Transport Vademecum, 2009 ) .The congestion in urban countries and on the cardinal theodolite roads works as a barrier for the current capacity of conveyance webs run intoing the turning demand. The dependability of route conveyance suffers and the clip length of journeys is acquiring longer. Besides some airdromes are really engorged. For work outing this job, European Commission published the 2001 White Paper on European Conveyance Policy. The thought was to cut down that congestion by switching from route onto rail, waterways or short-sea transportation. In add-on, great accent is given on the usage of intermodal conveyance. Furthermore, harmonizing to the EU statistical pocketbook ( 2012 ) , route conveyance is the less environment friendly mode as it causes 71.7 % of entire GHG emanations. For that ground route conveyance has to go greener and more efficient excessively. New vehicle engineerings, better substructure, fuel efficiency and â€Å" eco-driving † are needed. There is a demand of assisting solution for take downing the congestion by intelligent mobility and conveyance demand direction. There is still a deficiency of concerted systems based on vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure-communications that might in the longer term better well the efficiency of the traffic direction and relieve congestion ( Golinska and Hajdul, 2012 ) . In order to avoid addition in aviation congestion high-velocity rail should absorb much medium distance traffic. Another action is to increase the denseness of rail webs and make efficient and green cargo corridors. There is besides a demand for development of intermodal hubs and intermodal integrating of conveyance services.Mobility formsThe advancement in traveling traffic from route conveyance to other manners is still really limited. European Commission has tried a batch to convert companies to alter their organisation of logistics procedures and take into history when be aftering the impact of environment and society, but the consequences were negative. Entrepreneurs largely concern about the fiscal consequences and if there is non a strong statement of betterment, they are non interested in utilizing options to route conveyance manners. Therefore, it is deserving to observe that the pick of manners of conveyance straight affects some factors such as monetary value, the susceptibleness of the lading and the features of conveyance manners. Furthermore, sometime is impossible to utilize rail, inland waterway or intermodal conveyance. For work outing the above jobs, there is a demand for incorporate logistics systems which should be monitored enabling the co-modality, standardisation and interoperability across manners. Furthermore, a platform has to be created for linking the airdromes and ports with efficient rail services. Another action is the constitution of the model for European multimodal conveyance information, direction and payment system attractive frequences and comfort. Smart intermodal fining, with common EU criterions is another solution ( Golinska and Hajdul, 2012 ) .Monetary values and revenue enhancements deformationsThe distinction of monetary values for the usage of route in extremum and off-peak hours is really rarely. There is besides deficiency of inducements for use of more soundless vehicles, safer and more environment friendly manners of conveyance. Furthermore the congestion charges, which represent the cost of substructure scarceness, are non frequently imposed. On the other manus, conveyance system generates grosss for public budget including: Energy revenue enhancements ( 1.9 % of GDP ) coming from fuel revenue enhancements on route conveyance and private autos ( Eurostat, 2008 ) ; Vehicle revenue enhancements ( 0.6 % of GDP ) ; Tolls and charges for substructure usage. Although users pay a important sum, the monetary value frequently bears small connexion to the existent costs of conveyance in society. The rule â€Å" defiler wages † is non ever respected. The costs imposed on conveyance users do non reflect disbursals to keep and develop the substructure. Furthermore, the pricing system fails to maneuver the demand for most efficient and sustainable mobility picks. Therefore monetary values and revenue enhancements should be connected with sustainability. Local authoritiess have to self-finance the development and care of substructure giving besides incentives for local companies for use of intermodal conveyance. They besides have to follow purely the rules of â€Å" user wages † and â€Å" defiler wages † and extinguish the harmful subsidies. In add-on there is a demand of a regulative model and advanced fiscal instruments for unlocking the potency of private sector in co-financing substructure ‘s deployment and cares within public-private partnership ( PPP ) undertakings.InfrastructureTransport substructure is a cardinal component for the economic growing and development and it plays a cardinal function to increase the growing and occupations in Europe. An efficient substructure which warrants handiness could pull centres of production and ingestion and therefore impacts positively on the regional economic system. More eff icient substructures enable a better mobility for people and goods every bit good as a better connexion between parts. In add-on, planning, design and building of substructures have remained mostly unchanged over the last century ; therefore attending has to set besides on the research of new building stuffs processes with the purpose to introduce the sector. Research has to be concentrated on processs and stuffs that minimize nursery gas emanations, on design and planning that respect landscape and geographical diverseness whilst lending to decongestion major conveyance corridors, and on techniques that will guarantee longer life and reduces care intercessions.Road substructureEuropean Union has made great attempts to advance multimodality but route conveyance has still a turning tendency. For this ground there is an immediate necessity to increase route capacity and efficiency. Roads must be able to absorb the ongoing and increasing flow of vehicles and guarantee at the same clip an equal degree of safety. Such public presentations must be developed in largest portion on bing webs. Therefore non me rely new building methods, but besides sustainable care of the bing web is paramount. Care of route substructure deserves a particular attending for two chief grounds. First, many accidents ( e.g. rollovers of HV or skidding of vehicles in general ) have caused due to the hapless status of route substructure. Second, care plants hinder and disrupt the bringing ‘s free flow therefore increasing their costs. For avoiding these two scenarios, more effectual and lasting care techniques are needed i.e. safe and efficient night-time operations. Furthermore, there is a demand for more fluid traffic flow to cut down vehicles emanations, as transit sectors accounts the biggest per centum of CO2 emanations ( Laura, V, 2008 ) . Some of the most of import roads are included in the Trans-European route web. It includes more than 65.100 kilometer expresswaies and 5.000.000 kilometers paved roads ( Steer Davies Gleave, 2009 ) , whether bing, new or to be adapted which: Play an of import function in long-distance traffic Bypass the chief urban centres on the routed identified by the web Provide interconnectedness with other manners of conveyance Link landlocked and peripheral parts of the Union Beyond these, this web guarantees users a high, unvarying and uninterrupted degree of services, comfort and safety ( Bergmans, L, 2009 ) .Sea and river portsHarmonizing to ( CIA, 2011 ) in European Union there are 24 oversea ports. The most of import one is the Port of Rotterdam which is the largest one and located in the metropolis of Rotterdam. Such havens can function at their quayside deep-sea vass with a loading capacity of more than 8.000 container units ( TEU ) . Smaller regional ports are linked with the oversea ports by Feeder vass which have capacity up to 1.200 TEU. Inland flatboats are used to transport containers into the backwoods on rivers and channels and they are besides served by Cranes. Ports can be divided into two subdivisions: riders and lading. The latter one normally offers terminal installations. Such terminuss consist of two external interfaces. These interfaces are the quayside with burden and unloading of ships, and the landside where the containers are loaded and unloaded on/off trucks and trains. When a container vas arrives at the port, it is assigned to a position equipped with Cranes to lade and unload containers. At the instance of RoRo vass, trucks with their lading issue from the inclines. Unloaded import containers are transported to yard places near to put where they will be transshipped following. Containers geting by railroad or route are managing within the truck and train operation country ( Steenken et al. , 2004 ) . Seaport terminal.jpg Figure: Container terminus system ( Beginning: Steeken et al. , 2004 ) At every port terminus there is managing equipment such as Cranes, conveyance agencies and helping systems. The quay Cranes for lading and droping ships play a polar function. There are two types of quay Cranes: single-trolley Cranes and dual-trolley Cranes. Crane drivers are supported by a semi-automatic guidance system. These Cranes can function around 50 boxes per hr, while in operation the public presentation is about 25 boxes per hr. A 2nd class of Cranes is applied to tonss. There are either rail mounted gauntry Cranes ( RMG ) which are more stable, or rubber tired gauntries ( RTG ) which are more flexible, and over-head span Cranes which are mounted on concrete or tip pillars. At port terminuss there is besides a assortment of vehicles for the horizontal transit both for the ship-to-shore transit and the landside operation. The first category of vehicles is these which are non able to raise containers i.e. trucks with dawdlers, multi- dawdlers and automatic guided ( AGV ) ( Vis and Harika, 2004, Yang et al. , 2004 ) . Transport vehicles of the 2nd category are those which are able to raise containers i.e. Straddle bearers, forklifts, and range stackers. The first 1 is the most of import because it can besides stack containers in the pace. Last but non least are the helping systems which help for the organisation and optimisation of the work flow. Such systems are communication systems and positioning systems. Terminal operators support a really frequent communicating with external parties like agents, transporting lines, truck and rail companies, forwarders, governmental governments like imposts, waterway constabulary and others. The communicating is based on international criterions ( EDIFACT ) and every alteration of lading position is communicated between the several parties ( Steeken et al. , 2004 ) .Rail substructureHarmonizing to ( Steer Davies Gleave, 2009 ) in TEN-T web there are more than 212.000 kilometer of rail lines, out of which about 110.500 kilometers are electrified and the cargo conveyance trains could make a length up to 750 m. There are besides many road-rail container terminuss which support this web. Such terminuss include: Gates, internal route web, Loading and driving lanes for the trucks, Storage or buffer lanes for IntermodalTransportUnits, Transshipment paths ( besides called as burden paths ) for the train loading/unloading operations, and Rail turnouts for train/wagon storage, marshalling and review The equipment which seems to rule among conventional equipment is reach stackers and rail-borne gauntry Cranes. On little terminuss reach stacker is the major mean for raising, managing, transporting, and stacking ITUs. This is due to the low cost and flexibleness that offers ( Ballis and Golias, 2001 ) . Unlike rider terminuss, rail cargo paces do non hold to be so centrally located because of the great trade of infinite for multiple paths for marshaling. Rail paces, could pull fabricating activities able to utilize distribution capablenesss of rail, and therefore go industrial zones. In add-on, rail cargo terminuss perform four major maps ( Rodrigue et al, 2009 ) : Majority: These rail terminuss are linked with extractive industries such as agribusiness, excavation and wood merchandises. Grain lifts are normally used to hive away, blend, and burden grain into railway cars. Roll on/ Roll off: Vehicles are rolled in a railway car utilizing a incline. This operation requires a big sum of parking vehicles. Intermodal: The map of burden and droping unitized cargo from railway cars demands specific intermodal equipment. Shunting: The map of piecing, screening and breakage of cargo trains. Trains can be composed of up to about 100 railway cars. The major job of cargo conveyance in European Union are the obstructions its faces on cross-border traffic. For case, the most dramatic grounds of such barriers is different path gages, electricity supply and the signaling systems. The deployment of ERTMS, the European signaling system, is come oning easy ; so far, merely discontinued subdivisions of lines are equipped, and engines still need to be to boot equipped with national systems. Furthermore, the length of trains is non harmonized across Europe. Another job is the deficiency of efficient and effectual intermodal terminuss, different service degrees across manners, deficiency of criterions, and losing substructure links, particularly across boundary lines ( Impact Assessment, 2010 ) .Freight VillageIn international bibliography, the term â€Å" nodal centre † or â€Å" freight nodal terminus † is encountered with assorted names: â€Å" Cargo Villages † ( United Kingdom ) , â€Å" Platformes Multimodales/L ogistiques † ( France ) , â€Å" Logistics Park, Interporto † ( Italy ) , â€Å" Gueterverkehrszentren † ( Germany ) ( Tsamboulas and Dimitropoulos, 1999 ) . The first cargo small towns were created in France around 1960 and subsequently appeared besides in Italy and Germany, Netherlands, Belgium, and the United Kingdom ( Kapros et. al. , 2005 ) . A freight small town is the hub of a specific country where all the activities associating to transport, logistics and goods distribution – both for national and international theodolite – are carried out, on a commercial footing, by assorted operators ( Ballis and Mavrotas, 2007, Pal otas, and Bazaras, 2004, Afandizadeh and Moayedfar, 2007 ) . It is noted that â€Å" intermodal † or â€Å" multimodal † terminuss constitute a chief constituent of nodal centres for goods where the transshipment of goods from one manner to the other takes topographic point. However, freight small towns reflect to a modern manner of forming logistics, conveyance and goods distribution activities. Normally provides subsidiary installations such as warehouses, distribution centres, storage countries, offices, truck services, bank, postal, insurance services and in certain instances Customs substructures ( Europlatforms, 2004 ) . In add-on, a cargo small town located in the locality of a big metropolis may supply an efficient solution to urban conveyance jobs including traffic congestion, regional competiveness, and quality of life. The cost of land acquisition and cargo small town buildings every bit good as with distribution systems and operations of storage is high plenty. For this ground, such an investing has to take attention of all related facets that include site location choice, site-level layout planning and warehouse design facets.Warehouse and cross-docking countriesCross-docking services are chiefly used by many companies in different industries ( e.g. retail houses and less-than-truckload ( LTL ) logistics suppliers ) . The thought behind cross-docking is to reassign incoming cargos straight to surpassing vehicles without the procedure of storage between these two operations. The end of this service is to consolidate the cargos, to cut down the bringing lead clip and costs, etc. The function of cross-docking in industry even seems to increase ( Boysen and Fliender, 2010, Apte and Viswanathan, 2000, Saddle Creek Corp. , 2011 ) . Cross-docking can be describes as the procedure of consolidating cargo with the same finish ( but coming from several beginnings ) , with minimum handling and small or no storage between droping and burden of the goods ( Belle et al. , 2012 ) . The focal point on cross-docking services is now on the transshipping, non keeping cost. On the other manus, warehousing includes four major maps: receiving, hive awaying, picking, despatching. Storage and picking are the normally the most dearly-won. Storage is expensive due to the stock list handling costs and picking due to labour intensive. Goods can be stored for several yearss or even hebdomads, alternatively of approximately 24h as many writers say in cross-docking ( Bartholdi and Gue, 2004, Li et al. , 2004, Vahdani and Zandieh, 2010, Wen et al. , 2009 ) . But many organisations use a mixture of warehousing and cross-docking to unite the benefits of both attacks. A terminus which its chief installations are for cross-docking is called cross-dock. Most cross-docks are long, narrow rectangles ( I-shape ) , but other forms are besides used ( L, T, X, aˆÂ ¦ ) ( Bartholdi and Gue, 2004 ) . There is no particular substructure to present cargo, a ‘strip door ‘ where the cargo is unloaded, and a ‘stack door ‘ where the cargo is loaded on the outbound trucks. The advantages of a cross-dock ( Belle et al. , 2012 ) are the undermentioned: Cost decrease ( warehousing costs, stock list costs, managing costs, labour costs, transit costs ) ; Shorter bringing lead clip ( from provider to consignee ) ; Improved client service ; Faster stock list turnover ; Decrease of storage infinite ; Fewer overstocks ; Reduced hazard for loss and harm ; Consolidation cargos ; Improved resource use ( e.g. full truckloads ) ; Better lucifer between shipment measures and existent demand. The advantages make cross-docking an interesting logistic scheme that can give companies considerable competitory advantages.EnvironmentTransport contributes significantly to general economic development. However, conveyance has negative influences on wellness and the environment, notably through air pollution, route traffic hurts, traffic noise, psychological and societal impacts, land usage and possibilities for physical activity ( WHO, 1999 ) . Harmonizing to ( UNECE/WHO Europe, 2004 ) , policy has besides focused on the function of conveyance on clime alteration.Air pollutionThe conveyance sector contributes about 25 per cent of the air pollution burden, most of it from vehicles. Air pollution is responsible for many symptoms and diseases. It leads to increased mortality ( premature deceases ) , increased admittances to hospital for respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, increased frequence of respiratory symptoms and usage of medicine by people with asthma, and reduced lung ma p ( WHO Europe, 1995 ) . It besides reduces life anticipation. Ozone ( O3 ) , airborne particulate affair ( PM ) and lead ( Pb ) are the transport-related pollutants that pose most concerns, but sulfur dioxide ( SO2 ) , nitrogen dioxide ( NO2 ) , C monoxide ( CO ) , lead scavengers and assorted carcinogens are besides noteworthy. In EU states life anticipation is estimated that it is shortened by 8.6 months by air pollution ( UNECE/WHO Europe, 2009 ) and at 2000 about 350,000 lives lost due to exposure to air pollution ( WHO Europe, 2005 ) . WHO has set an air-quality guideline degree at 20 I?g/m3. However, harmonizing to ( ENHIS, 2007 ) exposure degrees to PM10 ( Particulate affairs with diameter less than 10 I?g ) varied from 13 to 14 I?g/m3 ( Finland, Ireland ) to 53 to 56 I?g/m3 ( Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia ) . The study of ( ENHIS, 2007 ) besides summarized that 89 % of people in European part are exposed to more than the WHO ‘s bound and around 14 % of population exceeds the EU bound value of 40 I?g/m3.NoiseWHO guidelines limit noise degrees for residential countries to 55 dubnium ( A ) during the twenty-four hours and to 45 dubnium ( A ) during the dark ( WHO, 1999 ) . Conveyance is the most of import beginning of community noise across Europe. Approximately 30 % of the EU-15 population is exposed to degrees of route traffic noise of more than 55 dubnium ( A ) . In general, the WHO guidelines for noise are frequently exceeded in South East Europe on route with high traffic tonss ( UNECE/WHO Europe, 2009 ) . But noise is emanating non merely from the motion of conveyance vehicles but besides from the operations of ports, airdrome and rail paces. Break of communicating, damage of hearing, and bad sleep quality can be effects of noise. Continuous noise above 30 dubnium ( A ) and indoor noise above of 45dB ( A ) can impact sleep quality, cause weariness and reduced public presentation. Prolonged or inordinate exposure to resound ( e.g. 65-70 dubnium ( A ) ) can do lasting medical conditions such as high blood pressure ( Berglund et al. , 1999 ) . European Commission aims are to guarantee a high degree of wellness and environmental protection and at the same time to safeguard internal market for motor vehicles. To accomplish this Commission ‘s proposal foresees a entire decrease of 4 dubnium ( A ) for light vehicles and 3 dubnium ( A ) for heavy vehicles ( European Commission, 2011 ) . This measure will be introduced from 1 January 2015.Energy usageMotorized conveyance depends on fossil fuels, e.g. oil merchandises, which account for more than 98 % of the conveyance sector ‘s energy ingestion. Alternatively of fossil fuels, there are besides other prevailing options, such as biogas, H, electricity, and intercrossed vehicles. However, there is besides a strong trust on fossil fuels. As a consequence, GHG emanations from conveyance are closely tied to transport demand ( BRRT, 2007c, Woodcock et al. , 2007 ) . Since the terminal of 1990s, energy ingestion has been increasing across Europe. Coal is more competitory than the high gas monetary values. This tendency may go on if no extra policies and steps are implemented ( BRRT, 2007d ) . The ratio of addition from 1990-2000 is 2 % which is equal to 365 Mtoe ( million dozenss oil equivalent ) in 2000 ( some 35 % of all energy usage ) . As a effect, the more energy is consumed the more CO2 emanations from conveyance are produced. In add-on, energy ingestion per capita for conveyance is 2 or 4 times higher in Western Europe than in the other European parts ( UNECE/WHO Europe, 2009 ) . Harmonizing to International Energy Agency, conveyance sector consumed 42 % of the oil in 1973 and this portion climbed to 61.5 % in 2010. But in recent old ages oil monetary values have increased and this crated the demand to utilize more energy efficient manners. The two most energy efficient manners for freight transit are rail and maritime conveyance. Inland waterways besides provide an energy efficient method for transporting ladings. For illustration, a tow boat traveling a typical burden of 15 flatboats is tantamount to 225 railway cars or 870 truckloads ( Rodrigue et al, 2009 ) . Furthermore, oil militias are shriveling, costs of crude oil are increasing and the demand to cut down emanations of harmful pollutants is now more imperative. For this ground, the solution of alternate fuels in the signifier of non-crude oil resources is needed. The most prevailing options being consider are: Biogas such as ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol and biodiesel can be produced from the agitation of nutrient harvests ( sugar cane, maize, cereals, etc. ) or wood-waste. Hydrogen which is produced by electrolysis of H2O or by pull outing it from hydrocarbon Electricity which is stored in a pure battery Hybrid vehicles dwelling of propulsion system utilizing an internal burning engine supplemented by an electric motor and batteries, which provides chances uniting the efficiency of electricity with the long drive scope of an internal burning engine. Monetary value of oil will surely go on to increase, as there are serious restrictions of non-fossil fuels in the transit sector.Climate alterationClimate alteration is already impacting human wellness, by doing new hazards and force per unit areas such as nutrient deficits and hungriness, change of H2O resources and harm to physical substructure ( peculiarly by low-lying rise and utmost conditions events such as inundations, heat moving ridges etc. ) . Harmonizing to UNECE C dioxide ( CO2 ) is non a pollutant but a nursery gas which contributes chiefly to planetary heating effects holding a prevailing portion of 55 % . ( OECD/ITF, 2008 ) and which is associated to climate alteration. As it is shown in Figure 12 conveyance sector ‘s portion of GHG emanations is about 30 % . Conventional engines besides produce other emanations such as methane ( CH4 ) , azotic oxide ( N2O ) , and ozone ( O3 ) which are besides responsible for the nursery phenomenon.

Social Studies Sba - 1180 Words

SCHOOL BASED ASSESSMENT Candidate’s name: Tazmine Reid-Jones Subject: Social Studies School: The E-Learning Centre Candidate #: Centre #: Territory: Teacher: Miss Brown Year: 2013 Title: Homophobia in the Montego Bay Community AN EXAMINATION ANALYZING THE CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF HOMOPHOBIA IN THE MONTEGO BAY COMMUNITY. TABLE OF CONTENTS †¢ Acknowledgements †¢ Statement of problem †¢ Method of investigation †¢ Instrument used to collect data †¢ Procedures used to collect data †¢ Presentations and explanation of data †¢ Interpretation of data †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦a. YES b. NO c. NOT SURE 10. ARE HOMOSEXUALS â€Å"BORN† OR â€Å"MADE† OR BOTH? a. BORN b. MADE c. BOTH 11. WOULD YOU SOCIALIZE WITH A HOMOSEXUAL IN PUBLIC? a. YES b. NO c. NOT SURE 12. WHAT DOES â€Å"HIDING IN THE CLOSET† MEAN TO YOU? a. Scared of the dark. b. Keeping your sexuality a secret c. To keep your views on gays a secret d. Gays hiding in the closet together 13. WHAT WOULD YOU DO IF YOUR FAMILY MEMBER TOLD YOU IN CONFIDENCE THAT HE WAS GAY? a. Disown family member b. Accept family member for who he is c. Tell other people d. Tell them that its wrong 14. WHAT DO YOU THINK INFLUENCES THE NEGATIVITY OF HOMOSEXUALS IN THE SOCIETY? a . The Bible b . Lyrics from song artists c . Culture and Traditions d . All of the above 15. DO YOU THINK HOMOSEXUALITY CAN BE CURED? a . YES b. NO c. NOT SURE 16. GAYS ARE DANGEROUS TO OUR COMMUNITY BECAUSE ..? a. They influence their sexuality to others b. They cause violent conflicts c. they force people to convert to their sexuality d. Gays are not dangerous to society 17. WHAT IS YOUR SEXUALITY? a . Heterosexual (Straight) b . Homosexual (Gay) c . Bisexual (Both) d . Not sure 18. DO YOU AGREE WITH BRITAIN ASKING THE PRIME MINISTER TO LEGALIZE GAY RIGHTS? a . YES b . NO c . NOT SURE 19. DO YOU FEEL SAFE BEING AROUND A HOMOSEXUAL? a . YES b . NO c . NOT SURE 20. WHICH GROUP SPREADS HIV/AIDS MORE? a . Heterosexual b .Show MoreRelatedSocial Studies Sba1591 Words   |  7 PagesSocial Studies School Based Assessment Name: Giselle Campbell Grade:11-7 Teacher: Ms. Wray Topic: School Rules Table of Content Title Page Acknowledgement†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 Statement of the problem†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 Rationale †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.6 Method ofRead MoreSocial Studies Sba2032 Words   |  9 PagesSOCIAL STUDIES SCHOOL BASED ASSESMENT (S.B.A) YEAR (2013) NAME OF CANDIDATE: ORAL GAYLE SCHOOL: KINGSTON COLLEGE CENTRE#:__________________ CANDIDATE#:_________________ TEACHER: MRS. SANDERS TITLE: An investigation on the impact of natural disasters on the residents of the Manley Meadows community. Table of contents Title page Acknowledgements 1 Rationale Read MoreSocial Studies Sba1524 Words   |  7 PagesSocial Studies S.B.A on Sexual activities amongst Jamaican Teenagers | Why so many Jamaican teenagers are having sex? | | Why are so many Jamaican teenagers sexually active? Acknowledgement I wish to thank my Social Studies teacher Mr. Reid for giving me the go ahead on this S.B.A. I also wish to thank my parents for providing me with the needed supplies to ensure that this Social Studies S.B.A would be completed. Special thanks go to Samaya Johnson, Tajey Johnson and Javone Rowe, forRead MoreSocial Studies Sba1439 Words   |  6 Pagesinterest in religion in Hertford District Dear , This is a research being carried out in Hertford District to find the number of teenagers who goes to church and their interest in religion. This research is being conducted as an assignment for a social course I am doing. You are required to answer all questions truthfully and clearly. Any information given will be kept with the strictest of confidence. You are free to answer in whatever way you please. Yours Sincerely, Odane Ramsay QUESTIONNAIRERead MoreSocial Studies Sba2338 Words   |  10 Pagesentrepreneurship as it would provide employment. The Researcher agrees that unemployment is a major problem in the community of Brown’s Town. This problem is having a negative effect on the community and should not be allowed to increase, based on the other social issues to which it contributes. The researcher believes the following steps should be taken to solve the problem The government should ensure that all students leaving secondary schools get the opportunity to go to college or get a skill by havingRead MoreSocial Studies Sba2135 Words   |  9 PagesCARIBBEAN EXAMINATION COUNCIL SCHOOL BASED ASSESSMENT SOCIAL STUDIES Candidate’s Name: Brandon Pindling Candidate #: Territory: Jamaica Centre #: School: Excelsior Community College Teacher: Mrs. C. Morrissey Year: 2012/2013 Topic: JUVENILE DELINQUENCY Table of Contents Page # Table of Contents 1 Acknowledgements 2 Statement of the problem 3 Method of investigation 4 Instrument used to collect data 5-8 Procedure used to collect data 9 Presentation and explanationRead MoreSocial Studies Sba Topics1516 Words   |  7 PagesSocial Studies School Based Assessment Outline School Based Assessment. This is an evaluation conducted by the school while the social studies course is still in process. Candidates are required to conduct a guided research and document their findings your teacher/ other appropriate persons will guide you throughout the process. You MUST do your own work; it should not be done for you. Punishment will be administered to candidates in which it can be proven that they have plagiarized other personsRead More Social Studies SBA Essay2210 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿Social Studies SBA What are factors influencing premarital sex among teenagers at the Munro College and what are the effects and possible solutions? Name: Johann Weatherly Candidate No: School: Munro College School Code: Territory: Jamaica Year: 2014 Contents Topic Page Acknowledgement†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 Statement of problem†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 Reason for selecting area of research†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..5 Method of investigation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreSocial Studies Sba Sample1651 Words   |  7 PagesCXC SOCIAL STUDIES PROJECT SCHOOL BASED ASSESMENT (S.B.A) (YEAR 2011) NAME OF CANDIDATE: SCHOOL: CENTRE #: CANDIDATE #: TITLE: The Level of Alcohol Use among Students of My School. TERITORY: Acknowledgement The successful completion of this study would not have been possible without the assistance and cooperation of a number of people. Consequently, I would like to thank GOD for giving me the strength to completeRead MoreCxc Social Studies Sba1828 Words   |  8 Pagestime for the respondents to study the questions. * Distribution and collection of the questionnaire is not time consuming. Instrument Used To Collect Data QUESTIONNAIRE ON THE LEVEL OF AWARENESS AS IT RELATES TO ‘SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES’ IN THE BRIDGEPORT COMMUNITY. Dear Teenagers, This questionnaire is being carried out in the Bridgeport Community on the causes and effects of the awareness on the topic ‘Sexually Transmitted Diseases’ among teenagers. This study is being conducted as a School